Mystery, Irony, and Imagery in The Cask of Amontillado Essay

Missing items from Works Cited Mystery, Irony, and Imagery in The Cask of Amontillado The Cask of Amontillado is one of Edgar Allan Poes greatest stories. In this story Poe introduces two central characters and unfolds a tale of horror and perversion. Montresor, the narrator, and Fortunato, one of Montresors friends, are doomed to the fate of their actions and will pay the price for their pride and jealousy. One pays the price with his life and the other pays the price with living with regret for the rest of his life. Poe uses mystery, irony, and imagery to create a horrifying, deceptive, and perverse story. Hoping to obtain revenge, Montresor, the narrator, lures Fortunato, one of his friends, into the depths of his†¦show more content†¦William Doxey believes, we are told from the beginning that Fortunatos weakness is his pride in his connoisseurship in wine. It is his pride that hooks him(266). Both Marie Bonaparte and William Doxey believe that it is Fortunatos weakness for wine that gets him in trouble. Montresor also mentions his rival at wines, As you are engaged, I am on my way to Luchesi. If anyone has a critical turn it is he(150). When asked about his cough, Fortunato replies, not with courtesy, but with prideful determination: Let us go never the less(Doxey 266). Very often a mans prideful remarks or decisions can get the best of him. It seems that Fortunato could not let himself be outdone. There is the theory of perversity that Montresor tried to use to get Fortunato down into the vaults. J. Rea explains, A part of Poes theory of perversity is that we want to hurt o r kill or to bury alive someone because he has been good to us. It is an unbelievable desire(59). She also believes, Montresor inaccurately measures Fortunatos intellect and succeeds in his plan only through the accident of the similarity of perversity and courtesy(62). She believes that the courtesy of Fortunato, insisting that his cough is nothing to worry about, is what lets them continue their trip to his death. Rea states, Perversity always makes one do what he should not;Show MoreRelatedRole of Realism in Edagar Allan Poe ´s The Tell Tale Heart and The Cask of Amortillado1014 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† written by Edgar Allan Poe are dark short stories relevant to murder, revenge, and mystery. Poe writes both stories in a Gothic style in order to deal with ideas of realism. One may ask were the murders and punishments justifiable in either short story? One may also ask did Poe accurately depict realism in each story? Realism, defined as a tech nique in literature that accurately represents everyday life, is questioned in Poe’s works: â€Å"The Tell Tale Heart† and â€Å"The Cask ofRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe and Gothic Imagery in The Cask of Amontillado2286 Words   |  10 PagesENG 341-Studies in Literary Genres | The Significance of Imagery | In Edgar Allan Poe’s â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† | Lauren Grilli 6/7/2010 | Imagery is described as the ‘mental pictures’ one interprets from reading any type of literature; this can be done using any of the five senses: taste, touch, smell, sight and sound. Edgar Allan Poe is notorious for his use of dramatic imagery in the gothic genre. â€Å"Gothic literature has a number of conventions, including evocations of horror, suggestionsRead MoreThe Masque of the Red Death vs. the Cask of Amontillado1564 Words   |  7 PagesLester Small LITR 220 24 February 2013 The Masque of the Red Death vs. The Cask of Amontillado â€Å"The Masque of the Red Death† and â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† written by Edgar Allan Poe are somewhat different. The major themes of these stories differ significantly, as does the emphasis placed on each character which dealt more to The Cask of Amontillado† than to â€Å"The Masque of the Red Death† Regardless of this, the stories are similar in many ways. For instance, both belong to the literacy of theRead MoreMurder in the Novels, The Cask of Amontillado by Edgar Allan Poe and A Rose for Emily by William Faulkner733 Words   |  3 PagesWhat makes a story interesting to you? Is it mystery, intrigue, irony, horror, humor, or even murder? If you answered murder stories then you are in luck. The Cask of Amontillado by Edgar Allan Poes and William Faulkners A Rose for Emily are compelling murder stories, full of dynamic characters, vivid detail, and compelling points of view. These two stories encompass the elements of plot, character, setting and point of view among others. Although the elements of the central theme of murderRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allen Poe1011 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† by Edgar Allen Poe is a story of crime. It is not a â€Å"Who done it?† requiring a detective to solve (Baraban). The reader’s mind is compelled to use intelligence to determine the reason for the crime. The murderer treats his prey with high respect to hide his real deviant intentions. The villain uses flattery and the victims declared pride in wine to lure him as a participant in his revenge plan. The murderer makes certain that his concerns towards the victim’s health areRead MoreImagery In The Tell Tale Heart By Edgar Allan Poe807 Words   |  4 Pageshis writings create and how it can torture the soul of a reader. Poe drew in readers and builds suspense by his way of using imagery, dramatic irony, and tone. A literary element that is shown in many of Poe’s writings is his use of massive of amounts of imagery that cause the reader to illustrate the setting in which the scene is taking place. An example of his use of imagery is, in stanza eight of â€Å"The Raven† he described the raven by saying â€Å"Ghastly grim and ancient Raven wandering from the NightlyRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe Is A Master At Creating Suspenseful Horror1825 Words   |  8 Pagesother stories, his include a conflict and a resolution, but his ability to take the reader on a journey with him through his literature and make us feel a certain mood makes him a unique writer with his own style. â€Å"The Tell Tale Heart† and â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado†, short stories by Poe, have similar ways of creating the mood which leads us to feel the way we do throughout the story. The use of the first person narrator perspective, the different settings within each story, and the time it takes to reac hRead More Edgar Allen Poe Essay1637 Words   |  7 Pagesinitial cause of death was inflammation of the brain or congestion of the brain which was caused by alcohol (Walsh 34-35). Most experts seem to agree that Poes overuse of alcohol probably lead to his death but his death still remains a true mystery, which is only appropriate for the father of the modern detective story (Walsh 23). The very first short stories emerged during the period between the Civil War in America and the Great War in Europe in 1914. These stories were first publishedRead More Edgar Allan Poe: Life and Works Essay2848 Words   |  12 Pagesdwell on doomed, pensive aristocrats. Themes of death-in-life, especially being buried alive or returning like a vampire from the grave, appear in many of his works, including quot;The Premature Burial,quot; quot;Ligeia,quot; quot;The Cask of Amontillado,quot; and quot;The Fall of the House of Usher.quot; Poe’s central motives include the conflict between good and evil, man’s inner struggle with conscience, and death or losses are present in many of his works. â€Å"The Raven†, â€Å"Fall of the HouseRead MoreANALIZ TEXT INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS28843 Words   |  116 Pageswhat the characters do or say as the plot unfolds (as, for example, in Ernest Hemingway’s â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants†). Conflict, then, is the basic opposition, or tension, that sets the plot in motion; it engages the reader, builds the suspense or mystery of the work, and arouses expectation for the vents that are to follow. The plot of the traditional short story is often conceived of as moving through five distinct sections or stages, which can be diagrammed roughly as follows: 3. Crisis

Police Brutality And Its Effects - 1173 Words

Police Brutality There are two type of police brutality, verbal and physical. The first type of police brutality is verbal abuse which can happen anytime when the police officer is doing a routine traffic stop. Sexual comments is a form of verbal abuse. Another type of police brutality is physical. Police brutality is when law enforcement uses excessive force when dealing with a civilian. Excessive force means well beyond what would be necessary to handle to situation, you don t want to get yourself hurt or anyone in society. There are many ways law enforcement can intentionally hurt someone by using their baton, pepper spray and gun. In today s society, there have been many cases of police brutality, for example the Eric Garner case, Ferguson and many more. There were 382 fatalities reported relating to police brutality. It is violating someone s rights if police brutality is practiced. If police brutality happens, it is violating someone s eighth amendment Constitutional right regarding cruel and unusual punishment. American citizens are outraged by police misconduct and how police officers handle situations using too much excessive force, which can cause riots. Police brutality has been increasing over the years. Many incidents that involve police misconduct are rarely investigated. Officers use lethal weapons to gain control of a situation. Law enforcement should only use excessive force if a suspect poses a serious threat to the officer or anotherShow MoreRelatedPolice Brutality And Its Effects1413 Words   |  6 PagesPolice are supposed to enforce the law amongst people around the world, but unfortunately, some of the ways they enforce are unjust and unruly. Over the past decade, they have acted out in ways that have caused us to question whether or not they are fit for the job or if something should be changed. Police brutality is the malicious use of excessive force, often in the form of physical actions, but also common in verbal abuse and psychological intimid ation by a police officer. The word â€Å"Brutality†Read MorePolice Brutality And Its Effects1973 Words   |  8 PagesThe term / issue of â€Å"Police Brutality† has been going on as early as the late 1800s and is something that still possibly has the same effect to its victims today. On August 22, 2006, a twelve year old girl, Dymond Milburn, was sent outside to go switch a circuit breaker. Then a van with three undercover officers came out and accused her of being a prostitute and were about to arrest her. One of the men grabbed Dymond and said â€Å"You’re a prostitute. You’re coming with me.† Like any other personRead MorePolice Brutality And Its Effect On Society1610 Words   |  7 Pages Police Brutality in the USA Police brutality has adverse effects on society in its entirety and, hence, there is need to stop these acts so as to improve cohesiveness and the observation of the law in society. Police brutality is an old problem that has been around in this country for many years. Unfortunately, civilians have experienced it in their thousands, suffering varying degrees of damages, ranging from injuries or even loss of their lives at the hands of the brutal police. Even more dishearteningRead MoreThe Effects Of Police Brutality On The Relationship1243 Words   |  5 Pages Bad Blood: The Effects of Police Brutality on the Relationship Between Minorities and the Police Brandon Seigle June 16, 2017 CRJS 498 NC AT University ..................Column Break..................As children we are taught that not only are police officers our friends, but that their job is to protect and serve our communities. Unfortunately, for many minorities this image is shattered as incident after incident occurs in the streets of their communities. With today’s technology, theseRead MorePolice Brutality And Its Effect On America Essay1398 Words   |  6 PagesOver the years the rate of police brutality has increased in America. It has become one of the biggest headline in today’s news. Many African-Americans have become victims of police brutality. From young teenagers to mothers and daughters, even babies; whether the encounter was direct or indirect, all of which has encountered a form of police brutality. It’s not that the African-American community hates the police it’s their actions that we are upset and frustrated with. It’s their actions of beatingRead MorePolice Brutality And Its Effects2608 Words   |  11 PagesPolice brutality is a phenomena that is documented throughout a myriad of societies from Russia, China, Indonesia, Palestine, Egypt to the United States. Police brutality is the use of force which exceeds what is needed in order to accomplish a legal police purpose.Throughout America s history, minorities, specifically Black people, have been the disproportionate target of police brutality. Amnesty International has documented several examples of police brutality, including instances of beatingsRead MorePolice Brutality And Its Effects On Society Essay2047 Words   |  9 Pages Police brutality has often been reported on the mass medias and in newspaper articles. Police Brutality is a form of police misconduct in which officers engage in an excessive use of force and or verbal attack. The purpose of this study was basic information concerning the topic â€Å"Police Brutality†. The study is to investigate â€Å"what are the causes and effects of police brutality in Belize and what recommendations are given to prevent such behavior?† It is very important to investigate police brutalityRead MorePolice Brutality And Its Effect On Society Essay2173 Words   |  9 Pagesfew years, we have had to face the issues of police brutality in our society. In many cases, we see that history repeats itself and that is the case that we are facing now. We thought that we as humans are equal and no one is above anyone but the past few years that has not been the case. Police brutality is seen as an illegal or excessive force by police, whether to affect a lawful goal or to achieve a corrupt one. I do not have a problem with police using force when the situation they’re in callsRead MoreThe Effects Of Police Brutality On Minority Communities1152 Words   |  5 PagesThe Effects of Police Brutality on Minority Communities Police brutality thrives in the inner city regions where minority communities live and work. Police brutality is a crime punishable by law and is often instigated by law enforcement officers who are either racially biased or prone to authority abuse and violent (re)actions. Allegations abound concerning police brutality with police officers using unnecessary or excessive force, committing battery, conducting illegal body searches and bullyingRead MorePolice Brutality And Its Effect On Society1742 Words   |  7 Pagesyourself, what Police Brutality defines itself as? â€Å"Police Brutality is when an officer using more force than necessary to control a situation.† (Smith). Police Brutality occurs with OC spray, batons, stun guns, or handguns. But Police Brutality can also be seen with a use of threats or intimidation. In today’s world, we see plenty of stories all over social media, the news shows live broadcasts on protesters against the Police and excessive force. If you stop and look around, most of the Police Brutality

Introduction speech Free Essays

My name is Sally and I’m a full-time student in Aviation Management Services. It is an honor to stand here today, representing the class of 2014. First of all, congratulates to all fellow graduates for our success in TAP. We will write a custom essay sample on Introduction speech or any similar topic only for you Order Now The three years of hard work have finally paid off and now, we are ready to embark on a new chapter In our lives. How many of you still remember your very first day when you step Into the campus? Do you feel lost? Do you still remember when was the first occasion when you talked to that someone who is presently your closest friend? I believe many of you do encounter the problem of heart racing when you couldn’t find your classroom on your first week of school and was still struggling to try to get used to the new people and new environment around you. However, this tough period has past and in a blink of an eye, we have all got closer with our classmates and have together created tons of wonderful memories during these three years. I guess what I will miss most after graduation will be the times here I had to rush for project deadlines with my group mates. It was almost every week that we had to stay back after school and also, spending countless sleepless nights to complete the projects. Indeed, it was a stressful period of time, but it trains us to work as a team and the sense of achievement and satisfaction after submitting a project that was well done is really indescribable. 4 Our time in TAP has been truly a great experience. The significant milestones that we had made were truly memorable. Recall back to the first orientation camp that we .NET to, our first presentation inferno of the class and our final year internship and major project has really shaped us to who we are today. A wise man once said that a journey Is best measured In smiles, rather than miles. I believe I wouldn’t be what I am currently without the advice and support of many of the people here today. On behalf of Class of 2014, I would like to take this opportunity to thank all the lecturers, tutors, family and friends who have supported us throughout the previous three 5 As we move on to the next phase of our lives, remember that graduation arks the end of one entryway and the opening of another. The future may be uncertain and surprise us, but here’s some advice from Harvey McKay. He said: ‘ Find something you love to do, and you will never work a day in your life. † That is pretty much(virtually) what TAP taught me as well, ‘ Love what you do, and you will be doing what you love. ‘ As we spread our wings to take off higher, let’s all remember that we have come this far through hardwood, cooperation and discipline. Thank you ladies and gentlemen and to my fellow graduates, Happy Graduation! How to cite Introduction speech, Papers

Introduction to English Studies Essay Example For Students

Introduction to English Studies Essay By and large people term literature writing which they think is good. Assess this formulation of literature. Within this statement there arises a problem. This problem lies within the notion of what is good. For people to term a literary work as that of a good piece of writing, people must have something bad, for which they can compare it to. The concept of good writing has been an on-going argument for many centuries now, as peoples ideas change within certain periods, and many people have differing tastes, and their own personal opinions. It would appear that there is no universal definition of the term good when concerned with literature, however there is a strong connection between them. It has become a fact that many people think literature writing has to be of a good quality, this quality would include the use of its language, and the way it is structured. However what it is saying and whom it is written by, also have to be taken into consideration, when defining it as a good literary work. It appears that over the centuries attitudes towards literature have changed a great deal, and that peoples definition of what they see as good in a piece of writing, changes according to a particular period in question. Hippolyte Taine wrote in 1863:A literary text must be regarded as the expression of the psychology of an individual, which in tern isthe expression of the milieu and the period in whichthe individual lived and of the race to which he belonged.1 By this statement it becomes clear that the concept of good literature writing has a number of influences, and these must coincide with a particular era in history, in which a text is constructed. However Taine not only comments upon a particular era, that effects the writing, but also the author plays a vital role in how a text is read. The author is seen as the sole creator of the writing, so therefore they are responsible for its contents. For example if a certain individual were to write something that goes against certain social ideologies of the time, like for instance, a person condemning religion in the seventeenth century, then that persons work may not be welcomed as good, if welcomed at all. However today it may be looked upon as a well formulated piece of writing, and people are able to look at it as good, because of attitudes that have changed. Indeed the term good has a lot to do with the construction of a piece of writing, and its use and positioning of language. As Terry Eagleton quotes from the Russian Formalist view on literature:Literature was an organised violence committed on ordinary speech Literature transforms and intensifies ordinary speech. 2With this notion of literature deviating from colloquial language, it was said, by The Russian Formalist, Roman Jakobson, that language became vividly renewed. If perhaps this new structure of our everyday language is renewed to a great deal of success, then perhaps it could be termed as good literature. The idea of good lies within the richness and complexities of its grammatical structure. This notion is possibly the most common among people today, in regards to their idea upon literature. A piece of literature is regarded to be good because of the way it chooses its diction and constructs it within its sentences. However what a piece of literature exhibits to its audience, in terms of story or argument is another matter. A piece may be beautifully written, but if the majority do not agree with what it has to say, it may endanger its recognition within the literary world. Literature in contemporary society seems to be given mu ch more scope, in terms of how it can express itself. (for example freedom of speech), and the audience it addresses is more open minded, in terms of what they can read about. This is in contrast to the past, where literature writing may have come under much closer scrutiny, especially when connecting it with the notion of good. Literature would have been judged upon a much higher level. Eagleton writes:Value judgements would certainly seem to have a lot to do with what is judged literature and what isnt not necessarily in the same sense that writing has to befine to be literary, but that it has to be of a kind thatis judged fine: it may be an inferior example of a generally valued mode 3 What Eagleton is expressing here is that literature has to judged as fine writing by certain individuals of high importance (critics, scholars) before it can be defined as good, to the general public. People have a great power to say what they think of a particular work, what is said about a work c an influence peoples perception. However Eagleton goes on to express that:value is a transitive term: it means what everis valued by certain people in specific situations. 4Again Eagleton has spoken of the notion that it all depends upon the status quo, of a particular era. Whether people think literature as good depends upon the individual, and when there are certain groups that say this type of literature is good, there will always be another group saying the opposite. As Eagleton expresses in his introduction, in Literary Theory the problem with defining literature as good is a problem because of the values expressed by each society:Any actual language consists of a highly complex range of discourse, differentiated according to class, region, genderstatus and so on, which can by no means be united into a single homogeneous linguistic community. There is no universal definition for what can be seen as good literature writing as Eagleton sees the problem lies within the complexitie s of peoples social actions. .ua4dbda315ec031071227498d047934a4 , .ua4dbda315ec031071227498d047934a4 .postImageUrl , .ua4dbda315ec031071227498d047934a4 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua4dbda315ec031071227498d047934a4 , .ua4dbda315ec031071227498d047934a4:hover , .ua4dbda315ec031071227498d047934a4:visited , .ua4dbda315ec031071227498d047934a4:active { border:0!important; } .ua4dbda315ec031071227498d047934a4 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua4dbda315ec031071227498d047934a4 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua4dbda315ec031071227498d047934a4:active , .ua4dbda315ec031071227498d047934a4:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua4dbda315ec031071227498d047934a4 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua4dbda315ec031071227498d047934a4 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua4dbda315ec031071227498d047934a4 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua4dbda315ec031071227498d047934a4 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua4dbda315ec031071227498d047934a4:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua4dbda315ec031071227498d047934a4 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua4dbda315ec031071227498d047934a4 .ua4dbda315ec031071227498d047934a4-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua4dbda315ec031071227498d047934a4:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Reconstruction of the Nation EssayIf people can define literature writing as good then what constitutes as bad writing. Surly the concept of writing literature is to write some thing good and worthwhile, so that the reader can gain some kind of enjoyment out of it. Sir Philip Sidney, writing in 1580, distinguished the aim of literature was:To give pleasure to the reader, and any moral ordidactic element is necessarily either subordinateto that, or at least, unlikely to succeed without it. 4Here it seems that Sidney is debating the whole idea of literature as a form of entertainment. It would seem that he didnt want people to view literature as a strictly moralistic sub ject, steeped in the values of religion, or other social ideologies. Literature was there to be enjoyed by all, however peoples attitudes are different and this view change over time, therefore it is impossible for just one piece of literature to be defined as good, by everyone. Bibliography Literary Theory: an Introduction By Terry Eagleton. First Edition (1983)Modern Literary TheoryEd. by Ann Jefferson and David Robey Second Edition (1986)Beginning Theory By Peter Barry. First Edition (1995)1 Ann Jefferson and David Robey: Modern Literary Theory (1986) p.92 Terry Eagleton: Literary Theory, an Introduction. (1983) p.23 Terry Eagleton: Literary Theory an Introduction, (1983) p.94 Terry Eagleton: Literary Theory an Introduction, (1983) p.94 Peter Barry: Beginning Theory (1995) p.22

Market Economy Vs. Command Economy Essays - Economic Ideologies

Market Economy Vs. Command Economy Intorduction: Within the overall umbrella of the word economy, one speaks today of the market economy, the formal economy, the informal economy, the underground economy, the productive economy and perhaps even the reproductive economy, the post-industrial or post-modern economy and the global economy. Thus while the concept of an economy is not fixed but arbitrary, and may have strayed rather far from the management of household resources, it is nonetheless spoken of in official circles as if there were genuine agreement (sometimes almost as if it were tangible, as we must get the economy back on track). The official economic paradigm operative in Canada is that of the market economy -- or the formal economy. This is what is being measured, analysed and reported on. An economy is said to work within a framework reflecting the values of the society in which it is embedded. Traditionally, three models of an economy have been used: the traditional or feudal, the command economy (where the state determines resource decisions) and the market economy which is the model in use in USA and in most industrialized Western countries. Indeed, even within the market economy, there are different models; for example, the Scandinavian model of social democracy, the Asian corporatist mode, and the capitalist model of North America. Each model has been seen and judged both from inside and outside its parameters. Individual freedom is one of the hallmarks of the market economy -- each person is free to choose how they wish to put their income to use. Adam Smith, hailed as the founder of classical economics, suggested that the sum of individual's self-interest would produce results that corresponded to the overall good of society. The Economic systems: There are three types of economies: traditional (also known as subsistence), command (also known as planned) and market (commercial). Traditional Economy In a traditional economy, goods and services are produced by a family for their personal consumption. There is little surplus and little exchange of goods. There is only a limited need for markets (places to buy and sell goods and services). This is the type of economy found in less developed nations of the world, usually in rural areas. Most less developed nations today are a mix of traditional and either market or command economies. Command Economy There are three types of economies: traditional (also known as subsistence), command (also known as planned) and market (commercial). In a command economy, decisions about what and how much to produce, where to locate economic activities, and what prices to charge for goods and services are made by a single, central government agency or authority. These economic decisions are often made to further social goals. Communism is one example of a command economy; socialism is another. In a command economy, the government, not market forces, controls the price of goods including agricultural products. Production costs are not reflected in prices. For example, it may cost $1.00 to produce a loaf of bread, but the price may be set at $.25 to ensure consumers are able to afford adequate supplies. Market Economy There are three types of economies: traditional (also known as subsistence), command (also known as planned) and market (commercial). In a market economy (elements of which may be considered a free enterprise economic system), decisions about what and how much to produce, where to locate economic activities, and what prices to charge for goods and services are determined by laws of supply and demand and the market. Profit drives decisions in a market economy. USSR, The command economy: From 1928 onwards the Soviet economy course was charted at the centre and directives issued outwards from the centre passing downwards and outwards through a massive hierarchical bureaucracy. Stalin's emphasis on centralization, state ownership of the means of production, and centrally planned production and distribution set the tone for the development of the Soviet economy for the next sixty years. State socialism is, by definition, a centrally planned, command economy. When one refers to the Soviet version of state socialism one is referring to the highly centralized, command economy that was established under Stalin. On certain levels this economic program met with considerable success. In the 1940s the Soviet state withstood the German onslaught

QNT 351 Week 1 DQ 5 Essay

QNT 351 Week 1 DQ 5 Essay QNT 351 Week 1 DQ 5 Essay This file of QNT 351 Week 1 Discussion Question 5 contains: In the previous discussion question this week we stated a research problem and defined what data we would collect to answer the research question. We defined our variables and if each of these were quantitative or qualitative. Let's take that a step further. What level of measurement are your variables? There are four levels of measurement. Nominal, ordinal, interval and ratio. Will the type of data collected make your research more difficult because of the level of measurement? How can you affect that? Deadline: ( ), Business - General Business I need tutorials from week 1-5 with all assignments!!! Please help me Living on campus is a possibility you might automatically think isn't an option for you if you have kids to take care of. That is not true. Family housing is now available on numerous college campuses. There are a lot of universities that know that people have children and still need educations. You should inquire about the family housing; often, it is quickly filled. This file of QNT 351 Week 1 Discussion Question 5 contains: In the previous discussion question this week we stated a research problem and defined what data we would collect to answer the research question. We defined our variables and if each of these were quantitative or qualitative. Let's take that a step further. What level of measurement are your variables? There are four levels of measurement. Nominal, ordinal, interval and ratio. Will the type of data collected make your research more

Pentateuch Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Pentateuch - Essay Example â€Å"For most of the first eighteen centuries of the Christian era, Pentateuch authorship was considered pretty much settled matter. Most people accepted the view that the Pentateuch was composed by Moses, the great law giver and deliverer of Israel from Egyptian bondage.†(King, 2001)Later intellectuals intervened and did the obvious. Outside the faith based conservative seminaries and churches, the scholars held the view that Moses was not the author of the books and they are compilations of works of many writers over an extended period of time. Jean Astruc (1684-1766) was a renowned Professor of medicine at Montpellier and Paris. Apart from his treatise on medicine, he wrote a book that was published anonymously relating to a critical textual analysis of works to scripture. He discussed the fundamental part in the origins. According to him, the Genesis was composed by using many sources and manuscript traditions. This approach is known as The Documentary Hypothesis. Most of the universities teach in the religious studies that Pentateuch is a composite work relating to four literary strands. These strands are identified by letters, J, E, D and P. Each syllable represents a document or the source that has been incorporated in to the Bible. Documentary theory and the Graf-Wellhausen theory, support this approach. According to this view, the letter "J" stands for the Yahwist ("J" from the German Jahweh) narrative, coming from the period of the early Jewish monarchy, about 950 B.C. "E" stands for the Elohist narrative from the region of the Northern Kingdom dating from about 750 B.C. "D" is best represented by the book of Deuteronomy and is said to have originated in the Southern Kingdom about 650 B.C. or later. And finally, "P" is the priestly document that comes from the period after the fall of Israel in 587 B.C. The composition of Pentateuch reached its consolidated form by about 400 B. C. Some

An Evaluation Plan For A Training Program Assignment

An Evaluation Plan For A Training Program - Assignment Example This Training program has been conducted throughout the branches of the eastern zone of USA. The training program lasted for 2 months. After the successful conduction of the training program, the management decided to devise an evaluation method to measure the success of the training provided. An evaluation plan is an essential part of a proposal that offers feedback about the success or failure of a project after it has been developed and implemented.The purpose of evaluation of the training program is different for the person who conducted the training and for the people who participated in the program. Therefore, it is necessary to focus on the views of both of the associated participants. In simple terms, the purpose statement helps in making decisions about the future of the overall organization or monitoring the program procedures to ensure continuance and improvement. A purpose statement is necessary to obtain relevance of a training program and for learning the impact of the training program on certain groups. Program logic models exhibit what a presented plan, new agenda, or focused transformation effort might include from start to finish. The elements in a program logic model consist of the resources, activities, outputs, short-term outcomes, intermediate-term outcomes, long-term outcomes and impact. In this case, the resources are the organizational infrastructure and financial investment. Activities are the detailed actions that make the program happen. Here the computers, internet connection, various software and training manuals are considered as activities. Outputs are the results of the activities, which is the delivery of the lectures and slideshow in this case. Outputs are often measured in terms of quantity and quality. Outcomes are the changes that take place within the awareness, skill, behavior, and knowledge level of the employees after the conduction of the training program. Impact is the final proposed change in an organization or commu nity. Stakeholders The stakeholders related to the training program include the employees, the managers, the supervisors, and the trainers. These people have direct link with the training method. Stakeholders are people who have interest in the evaluating procedure and can utilize the results of evaluation for further improvement, both self-development and organizational development. Key evaluation questions 1. How was the trainer in terms of communication? 2. Did the trainer answer all your questions? 3. How much helpful was the training session? 4. How did the management cooperate in the successful completion of the session? 5. Was the allocated time sufficient for the entire learning procedure? Choosing an evaluation design Evaluation design can be of three types: Exploratory evaluation designs help us in the starting of a training program to recognize which training to provide and the methods that should be implemented. Descriptive designs help us to determine whether the progra m is being conducted as per plan, provide us with response about the programs offered, and decide whether the program is creating the desired output. Causal evaluation designs help to present more information regarding the relationship between the training imparted and the outcomes obtained. It presents a cause and effect relationship. For this specific

Ergomatics Ltd- Product Launch Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Ergomatics Ltd- Product Launch - Essay Example Background Information of Ergonomics Ltd Ergonomics Ltd is a leading manufacturer of variable height furniture for the educational market. The company has strengths in the design, supply and installation of furniture for education institutions that adheres to strict government guidelines. The company has expertise in the quality and design product to meet specific need of its consumers. It supplies furniture to most of the good schools and educational institutes. The product it supplies is customized according to space need and design needs of consumers. It has been able to provide good quality products at reasonable cost. The deliveries of products are always on time. The customer focused approach; good product and service have created a brand name for Ergonomics Ltd in the market. It supplies the products directly or through the distribution network it has established in last 30 years. Its strong distribution network, good credit policies and distribution channel management have created a strong distribution network. It h as strong manufacturing base and supplier’s network that can provide them raw materials at the best prices. Being one of the leaders in the market the company has reached at the stage where it can get best prices of raw materials. It has employee focused approach. It provides best compensation, wages and working conditions to its employees. It is regarded as one of the best employers in the market. Ergonomics Ltd has a turnover of  £110,000,000 with operating profits of  £7,000,000. Company is planning to diversify in new business.

Farm Size and Productivity Research

Farm Size and Productivity Research 1.0 Introduction The relationship between the size of Farm in hectares and the productivity in Yield/hectares is hotly debated issues in Indian agriculture economics. This issue was first raised by AK Sen in 1960s with respect to Indian economy. The major objective of this paper would be to analyze the relationship and the major factors influencing this relationship along with its implication. The size of holding depends on certain factors and the productivity also depends on certain economic factors. These factors such as irrigation, fertility, labor and capital input have an influence on the relationship between the size of land holding and productivity. Most of the economist like AK Sen and Saini have done their analysis and considered this relationship to be inverse. Countries like USA and Australia have very large holdings and the relationship between size of farm and productivity is not inverse in such cases. The application of Green revolution has been believed to change the inverse relationsh ip to a directly proportional relationship, but still it has been not very clear. Some analysis has been done in the paper related to aggregated data with regard to present status of this relationship by comparing the factors of productivity with the size of holding. Moreover the average size of holding has been decreasing with time due to increase in population and some other factors. At the same time the government has tried to implement policies like land ceiling and consolidation of land in some relatively developed states to solve the problem of excessively large holdings (in Indian average) and small and fragmented land respectively. 2.0 Farm land Holdings, Productivity and the factors influencing them independently Agricultural holding indicates the average size of agricultural land held by the farmers in India.. An economic family land holding can be defined as one which could provide a reasonable standard of living to the cultivator and give full employment for a family of a normal size. There are five categories of farmers in India according to their holdings. A)Marginal farmers (≠¤1 hectare), b)Small farmer (1 to 2 hecteres), c)Semi medium farmers (2 to 4 hectors),d) Medium farmers (4 to 10 hectores), e) Large farmers (>10 hectors). The size of holding would ideally depend on method of cultivation and nature of the crop. Productivity here refers to the productivity of crop output so productivity in agriculture is measured as the output of the crop per unit area. Its unit is yield/hectares. At a national level the demand for agricultural product will keep rising due to increasing population of India and high GDP growth rate so the supply of agricultural products has to match up the increasing demand to keep the prices reasonable. Hence agricultural farm land productivity becomes an important parameter for the economy. India being a huge country, these factors vary a lot from region to region but artificial means can be used to enhance the factors of fertility and irrigation. The following list gives us the factors of productivity Fertility of land Natural fertility cannot be changed but input of fertilizers, farm yard manure and nutrients can improve the fertility but all these will increase the cost. Irrigation facility Any irrigation project requires heavy investment and it depends on the level of underground water and nearest source of fresh water supply. Labor supply and quality of labor Labor supply will depend on the presence of any other scope of employment and quality will depend on traditional work culture and climatic conditions and both the factors vary a lot in India. Climatic condition Floods and drought due to unpredictable nature of monsoon affect the productivity. Since last three decades economists have been debating over issue of relationship between the size of farms and agricultural productivity in India. The debate was initiated by Prof. Amartya Sen in 1962. According to him with increase in size of farm holding, productivity declines and thus the productivity is more on small farms as compared to large farms. India has a labor surplus economy. The opportunity cost of labor is low. Small farms use much of family labor to the extent that marginal productivity of labor approaches zero. In case of small farms, output per acre is maximized while in the case of large farms using hired labor, output per unit of labor is maximized. The intensity of cultivation in case of small farm is greater than that of the large farm. Moreover, heavy input of labor on small farm is not on one crop only but in two or more crops produced in the same piece of land during a given production year. It is more so in case of irrigated land. Self-employment in the fam ily farm equalizes the opportunity cost which is not different from market wage. Statistical validity of the inverse relationship between farm size and productivity is a confirmed phenomenon in Indian agriculture prior to Green Revolution. Green revolution is a capital intensive programme which was implemented in 1960s for growth of agricultural production. This capital was invested in the form of important factors of production like irrigation, fertilizer, Mechanization, Manure, pesticides, nutrients. The objective of the following analysis would be to determine all the factors like irrigation, fertilizers, Farm Yard Manure and nutrients vary with the size of farm for the present set of data 3.0 Aggregated data analysis For all the graphs below in X-axis, 1 = Marginal holding, 2 = Small Holding, 3 = Semi-Medium holding, 4 = Medium Holding, 5 = Large holding. In Y-axis, graph A), B), C),E),F) are values of percentage and D) is ratio value. The calculations of these percentage value from been mentioned in tables in appendix Graph A) and B) have been taken from table 1.C), D), F) from table 2 As per the graph A) above we can find that the marginal holding has the larger area of farm wholly irrigated about 46% and we can also observe that the percentage of the wholly irrigated land decreases with increase in the size of the holding with large holdings showing the lowest percentage of wholly irrigated area that is about 21%. The second graph B) shows us the percentage of area of different size of holding for wholly unirrigated farm land and it show us, a lot of gap between the marginal holding(44%) and large holdings(55%) in terms of percentage change. As observed from the graph C) the application of fertilizers decreases with the increase in the size of holding with the marginal holding having an area of 77% and large holdings having an area of 52% under the application of fertilizers. The graph D) related to nutrients does not show us the % of area but it shows us the quantity to area ratio. In this case the slope of the graph is steeper and it shows us trend that the intake of nutrients reduces with the increase in the size of holding. The marginal holding has a ratio of 126 and the large holding has a ratio of 56. In case of farm yard manure graph E) there is a slight increase in the percentage application from marginal holding to small holding but after that the fall continues. Here the small holdings has the highest percentage of application that is 34% and the large holding has the lowest percentage that is 18%. Application of pesticides in a in farmland is an important preventive measure to prevent pests. The graph F) does not show a negative trend completely in relation to percentage of area with relation to holding size but the large farm land shows a dip in 4%. The data above is for 2001 agriculture census which is the latest. In post green revolution period the application additional inputs i.e. factors of production like irrigation, fertilizers, farm yard manure, nutrients, pesticides shows that their intensities of application is inversely proportional to size of land.(As studied above with various data and corresponding graphs.). In other words the application of additional factors of production is more in case of small farms compared to large farms. The resultant output which is directly proportional to application of input to a reasonable extent must increase yield proportionately. Thus logically it follows that after green revolution also the inverse relationship between size of farm and productivity should hold good. Its not a direct cause and effect relationship between all the factors of productivity and farm size but there might be some common factors which might be affecting these relationship. On the other hand there can be an alternative hypothesis to this, stating large farm land are in naturally fertile and irrigated regions of this country so they do not need artificial irrigation or fertilizers to enhance their productivity. Therefore a direct inverse relationship cannot be established between Farm size and productivity by only using aggregated data related to factors of productivity. If we observe the distribution of various size of holding throughout India in table 3 of appendix larger and medium size holdings are mostly found in bigger states like Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh and Maharashtra which are not densely populated but have a larger area. The more densely populated states like West Bengal and Kerala have more number of marginal and small holdings. The natural factors of productivity are distributed among these states so the main hypothesis cannot be rejected. The alternative hypothesis can be true in some regions but not true everywhere because the different sizes of holding have been di stributed as per density of population and not as per natural factors of production. Although it can be said that inverse relationship between productivity and farms size is present in some areas of India but it is not a general law for the whole country. 4.0 Methodology for analyzing disaggregated data The analysis above shows us the analysis done for aggregated data but this same analysis can also be done using disaggregated sample data taken from various villages. If the sample data is taken from nearby villages then the conditions like Fertility , Irrigation, climatic condition and labor can be assumed to be constant. Y1,Y2,Y3,Y100 can be the data set for productivity in yields/hectares X1,X2,X3,X100 can be the data set for size of holding hectares The data above can only be obtained by doing a doing a direct survey in a particular area having common factors of productivity. Then we can do a regression analysis for the dataset having Y = Productivity and X = Size of farm land. The relationship thus obtained either positive or negative can be used to find out the relationship between productivity and size of farm for a particular area at a micro level. And this method can be used in various areas of the country having same factors of productivity . And then the trends can be observed whether its positive or negative or has no affect. This kind of analysis using disaggregated data can be done by also taking the same crop . 5.0 Labor as a factor As discussed before labor input is an important criteria for better productivity in farm land and becomes more important if the process in more manual .In Indian agriculture the Farm land labor can be divided into two type, family member workers and the other is hired workers. Generally in case of smaller size of holding the family members are mostly involved in the cultivation process and in larger farms it is a mix of both. In case of a marginal and small holding where in most of the cases only the family members are involved in farm cultivation the marginal productivity is not a factor. If required all the family members can be involved in the agriculture productivity process because the situation is more desperate and as result the intensity of cultivation is also more. The owner of smaller farm land does not have to employee hired peasants but in case of larger farms the situation changes. In case of larger farm land the owner has to take the marginal productivity of hired labor into consideration. As the intensity of cultivation for the small farm is more, the application of fertilizers, farm yard manure and nutrients might be affected as per the aggregated data analysis done before. As the small farm owner is more desperate even he can use manual means of irrigation to irrigate his land and its not possible in large farms due to its large size. It can be argued that the large farm owner would have more access to mechanized methods and capital for investment so his productivity can be higher at least after green revolution. Here the problem looks more like management of farm input resources rather than their availability. The better management of resources for small farm owner with more intensive cultivation has a bigger impact on productivity than the impact of advantage the large farm owner has in terms of more mechanization and capital availability. But the characteristics of land size holdings that is reduction in the average size of holding with time . Even the relationship between irrigation and fertilizers is also very direct. If one wants for apply more fertilizers then the irrigation facilities have to be very good so as per the irrigation data and fertilizers data both seem to follow the same pattern even if we consider labor not be a major factor here. This is clearly evident in Table 2 where more fertilizers are always applied when irrigation is high. 6.0 Changing pattern of Size of Farm land holding with time The tables 4 and 5 in appendix shows us the distribution of holdings in various states of India but there is one more important factors to this analysis that is the average size of holdings have been decreasing with time. The number of marginal holdings and small holdings have increased and the also area under marginal holdings and small holdings have increased. At the same time the number of Medium and Large holdings have decreased and also has the area under them decreased. There are two major reason for such a trend, they are as follows Increasing population With the rapid increase in population the same area of cultivable land is getting divided among more people. As a result of this the size of the holdings is reducing and area under marginal and small farms increase. To control the growth of rural population is even tougher in rural India due to lack of awareness of people due to limited education. Law of inheritance Under Hindu as well as Muslim Law of inheritance the landed property of a person has to be equally divided among all his sons and daughters which has led to more and more division of land and hence increase in marginal and small farms. Even if the land size is large now, it will get sub-divided when it goes to the next generation. Decline in the joint family system Earlier lot of families used to be joint families but this has declined over time and people generally prefer to stay with only single families. As a result the farm land is also divided more. Slow growth in handicraft industry In the villages the handicraft industry used to a source of employment for the village labor. But it has not grown sustainably with increase in rural labor so the rural population have had to depend more on agriculture as a source of employment. 7.0 Problems related to subdivision of land holdings If the fragmentation and subdivision of land continues at this rate then average size of the holdings will become even smaller and there will be more marginal holdings. Application of new technology becomes more difficult. A lot of cultivable land will be lost in making boundaries. One may argue that as in case of India the productivity of farm land will be more due to more intensive cultivation. But the per capita income of the owning family of the farm reduces with reduced farm land. Moreover if the whole family is involved to increase the intensity of cultivation the labor might be under employed for the same return. If the labor is flexible then he can move to a bigger farm as peasant if there is a demand. As seen from the statics the number of large holdings is reducing in the country and hence is the employment opportunity for hired peasants. Another factor which limits the labor flexibility is when labor tries to move from one region to another language is a big barrier. Altho ugh Hindi is Indias national language and English is the official one still lot of rural population speaks only the local languages and to be more specific only the local dialect. Skill becomes a barrier when the labor wants to move to industry in urban sector. As per our analysis till now the inverse relationship between the productivity and size of farm does hold good at least in some areas of the country if not throughout the country. At the same time if the farm land gets more divided and sub-divided the holding no longer remains economic for a single family. The ideal holding size has to be somewhere between the smaller and large holdings of around 4-5 hectares. The farm size are large and they are well managed and supervised by using modern methodology like it is done in USA and Australia they achieve high productivity. But the same thing is not easy to achieve in India as discussed beforehand. The government has introduce land ceiling in some developed states. This means that family owning excessively large farm land have to give up their excessive land to public authorities and it will be distributed among families having uneconomic holdings. This process is not at all easy because if the land is fertile than none of the owning fami lies would like to give up their land and also have to think about their future generations. Moreover any kind of ceiling will go against the market forces of demand and supply and affect the prices of land. When we talk about division and fragmentation then in many cases the farm land of a single owner is scattered throughout the village. In that case all the land in the village can be converted into a compact block and then the same land can be proportionately distributed among all the families which is called consolidation of Farm land. In states like Punjab, Haryana and Madhya Pradesh this process has been taken up seriously but in some other states like Assam and West Bengal the process has not even started. There are few reasons for which consolidation process is not easy. People in India are more attached to their piece of land, if someone has a better piece of land he would not like to sacrifice them. Both land ceiling and consolidation of farm land are policies to reach tha t optimal size of holding but they have not been easily to implement for the factors as mentioned before. 8.0 Final remark The inverse relationship between size of holding and productivity was considered to be very strong when it came for the first time under observation of AK Sen. But after the green revolution this relationship should have change to a directly proportional one as per expectation. This might be happening in some areas of India but still there are areas where the inverse relationship between size of farm and productivity still exists. As per the aggregated data analysis the factors of productivity are being affected by some common factors which helps to maintain the inverse relationship between productivity and size of farm in some areas. As mentioned before these common factors are intensity of labor and problems of management and supervision in large farms. At the same time the size of the land holding have been reducing which is leading to more uneconomic holdings for small farm owners. At this point the government should implement the policy of land ceiling and consolidation of holdi ngs judiciously in order to increase the number of semi-medium and medium size holding where optimal productivity can be achieved along with economic holding. In long term consolidation of holdings and cooperative farming should be encouraged in an organized way. The proper management of labor along with other factors of productivity and usage of mechanized technology in large farms would go a long way to improve productivity in larger consolidated farms. This would be made easier if lesser population is dependent on agriculture only if more employment opportunities are created in other sectors and the rural population upgrades to new skill requirements of the market.

Sophocles Antigone - Antigone as Bad Citizen :: Antigone essays

Antigone – The Bad Citizen    Being a good citizen often involves doing something out of the ordinary to help others. Sometimes, that involves going against the will of others to do what the good citizen might think is best. Although this is traditionally the case, the biggest factor in being a good citizen is great respect for the nation in which one lives. If one wants to be a good citizen, he or she might go out of his or her way to help others, however, must do so within the rules of the nation. In the Greek Drama by Sophocles, entitled Antigone, the hero, Antigone, shows, what I would call, bad citizenship. How is this? Why is she being a bad citizen? The setting of the drama is in a fictional kingdom known of as Thebes. This kingdom is basically run by a set of rules and laws. Whether they are necessary or not, these rules must be obeyed. In Thebes, one of the rules states that Antigone's brother is not allowed to due a respectable death and therefor, will not have a proper funeral. Antigone is torn apart by this. Her brother whom she loved very much will not be able to have a respectable funeral. She explains in the drama how much she disagrees with the rules of the land. Because of this disapproval toward the law, she takes it upon herself to remove the corps of her brother from it's assigned post so she can do whatever she wants with it. She has broken the law. Although what she is has done is the right thing to do in her mind, the law states that it is not allowed. Throughout the drama, she consults her sister, Ismene, about whether or not she feels though she should commit this crime or not. Ismene makes it clear that she sh ould not and attempts to discourage her sister from doing what she did. Contrary to the advice of her sister, Antigone does indeed commit this crime for she feels that it is what a good person would do. To the average American, Antigone's actions might be considered the right thing to do.